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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. SOHULKE.

RBGENERATIVE HYDROGARBON LAMP.

Patented May 3, 1892.

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(No Model.) 3 Shets Sheet 2;

J. SCHULKE.

RBGENERATIVE HYDROCARBON LAMP-' No. 474,192. Patented May 3, 1892.1

Julius Sch/Tl M L) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3'. J. SCHULKE. REGENERATIVE HYDROUABBON LAMP.

Patented May 3, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

JULIUS SOHULKE, OF GROSS LICHTERFELDE, GERMANY.

REG EN ERATIVE HYDROCARBON-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 474,192, dated May 3, 1892. Application filed April 29, 1891. Serial No. 390,952. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JULIUS SCHULKE, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Gross Lichterfelde, in the German Empire, have invented certain new .and useful Improvements in Regenerative HydrocarbonLamps, of which the following is a full and clear specification.

This invention relates'to improvements in regenerative hydrocarbon-lamps in which the hydrocarbon is vaporized, or, in other words, in which the gasified hydrocarbon is burned.

Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of a suspended lamp with elevated reservoir. Fig. 2 is the vertical section of a table-lamp in which the reservoir is arranged in the foot of the lamp. Fig. 3 represents, on an enlarged scale, the folded tube for preheating the air used for promoting combustion and for utilizing the warmth of the spent gases, said tube being attached on the one hand to the chimney and on the other to the burner-ring. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of Fig. 3 on the line a: as in Fig. 1.

The construction of the suspension-lamp represented in Fig. 1 is as follows: The receptacle a for the hydrocarbon is provided with a feed-opening, which can be closed by a suitable screw-stopper or in other appropriate manner, and is preferably arranged around the chimney c and held by the brackets 12. The said reservoir is also provided with an outlet-tube d, the appropriately-formed extension of whichis connected to avaporizingretort e, the lower end of which is screwed or otherwise attached to asuitable piece of'tubing or'the tubular upper end of a preferably conical vaporizing-chamber f. This vaporizing-chamber is in communication with a series of annularly-arranged burner-tubes g, which preferably diverge outwardly toward their lower ends and enter a ridge-like or otherwise formed ring h, which I prefer to provide with perforations c for feeding air to the lower ends of the burner-tubes in order to attain a perfect combustion of the hydrocarbon gases.

The folded tube or mantle j, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, surrounds the vaporizing-chamber f and is constructed of thin sheet metal, preferably nickel, which I prefer to bend 111 such manner that folds through which the burner-tubes g pass are produced and which are at the upper and lower ends bentor folded together. The hood 7a, to which the chimney is fixed and which is pronged atits lower end, Fig. 3, is so attached to the folded sheetmetal mantle j that the prongs Z of the hood gear between the folds of the said mantle j, While a burner tube or sheath Z, with prongs of like or similar form to those represented at Z, are in gear with thelower folds of the mantle j. The lower end of the said sheath or tube can be strengthened by means of a piece of tubing with rectangular flange, or the sheath itself can be provided with such a flangewhich reaches below the aforenamed ring it. The folded mantle j is surrounded by a second mantle m, of non-conducting material, such as asbestus, mineral wool, slag wool, orother suitable material, which is preferably suspended from the hood by appropriate straps or bands n.

The vaporizing-chamber f has at its lower end a tubular projection or boss provided with screw-threads in order to receive the tube 0, in which a spindle p, with conical tip, is guided, which said conical tip serves to close an opening or orifice g in the upper surface of the vaporizing-chamber and passes through a stuffing-box r in the lower end of the tube 0. This tube communicates by means of the borings s with a cup-like receptacle 15, provided with small tubes a, both roceptacles and tubes being filled with asbestus or other appropriate material possessing capillary power.

The lower part of the spindle p is surrounded by a helical spring v, which presses on the one hand against a movable pawl w and on the other hand against a sheath 3 between which and a disk y the glass globe mis held, the upper edge of which is firmly pressed onto the lower surface of a shoulder to the asbestus or other mantle m or its mechanical equivalent.

The chain a, fixed at its one end to the helical spring L and at the other to the pawl w, and serves to hold the spring and the globe when the pawl w is given a vertical position, and the sheath y, spring o, and globe ware drawn down in order to ignite the lamp or clean theglobe. The regulation of the feed of hydrocarbon from the reservoir a to the gasifyingretort 6 takes place through a needle-valve A, arranged in 'an annular stopper B of the tube 61 and attached to a rod 0, suspended in a slot D of the two-armed lever F, which has its fulcrum in the standard E. The one end of the lever F carries a chain G and at the other end a helical spring I-I, provided at its lowerend with a ring I and chain J. The movement of the lever F upward and the consequent opening of the needle-valve by drawing on the chain G is limited by a set-screw K. The spiral spring H serves to produce a hermctic closure of the needle-valve, so as to prevent all escape of hydrocarbon when the lamp is not in use, and is for this purpose put under tension, the ring I being passed over the arm L of the reservoir. If the lamp is to be used, the ring I is released from the arm L and the chain G of the needle-valve drawn downward, so as to open the'said valve the desired distance.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: The cup-like receptacle if, with its small tubes rais, after opening the needleevalveA andthe orifice g, by the spindle p, filled with hydrocarbon out of the reservoir or direct with hydrocarbon, spirit, or other appropriate matter, whiclrnow that the globe as has been drawn down is ignited.

By means of the heat generated by the flames from the tubes to the entire lamp is so heated that the hydrocarbon flowing through the tube d in a quantity which can be regulated atB will pass into the retort e, is evaporated, and passes from thence through the orifice q into the chamber f, where the same is gasified. The gas flows from the chamber f in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1, into the tubes g and issues from the lower ends of the same where, after beingintimately mixed with the air fed through the openingst' in the ring h,.it isignited by the flames of the tubes u and is spread by the current of air.

The flames from the ring of tubes 9/ produce a perfect ring of flame, which flows round the burner-ring Z inward. The products of combustion serve to heat the folded mantle j and the gasifying and vaporizing chambers, flowing through the folds of the mantle j to the hood 7c and to the chimney a. By means of the strong draft thus produced the energetic suction of air through the outer folds of the hot folded mantle j is caused, by means of which the air flowing into the lamp is highly and uniformly heated before it becomes mixed with the hydrocarbon gas, so that a perfect combustion and an absolutely-white flame are produced.

The object of the comparatively long tubular vaporizing-retort e is to produce differences of temperature, so that the hydrocarbon can flow in at the upper end without beingimmediatcly vaporized. The evaporation takes place on its way to the hotter part of the retort 6, so that a sudden vaporizing, which occurs with superheated retorts and causes a jerking generation of hydrocarbon vapors and. a palpitation of the flame, is prevented,

instead of which a uniform and regular Vaat, the latter become extinguished either on account ofthe fluid in the receptacle 25 being consumed or that the vapor in the vaporizingchamber f passes through the tubes g instead of the annular way 19 of the spindle p. The arrangement of the table-lamp represented in Fig. 2 is substantially the same as represented in the pendent lamp, with the exception that the elevated reservoir and the regulating device for the feed of the fluid are omitted and the reservoir located in the foot of the lamp. The hydrocarbon is raised by the capillary attraction of a wick d' of preferably non-combustible material, arrangedbetween the two tubes or sheaths c 0 the upper ends of which are heated by the igniting- I flames 'of the tubes to" and serve as a vaporizing-retort. The tubes e c are inserted in a tube-likeextension f at the lower side of the gasifying-retort f, the chamber abovethe said tubes communicating with the retort by means of the orifice g, which can be closed by the conical tip of the spindle 19. Through the excessive heating of the gasifying-retort f the hydrocarbon vapor entering the same is, as described with reference to the aforementioned 1amp, fed to a series of annularlyarranged tubes 9, and, after havingbeen mixed with air, is ignited by the flames of the small tubes to. The igniting device consists of a cup-like receptacle t, arranged around the tube e said receptacle being charged by hand with a small quantity of hydrocarbon, spirit, or the like. When this small quantity of combustive material is consumed, the flames will die. out, and in the meantime the gasified vapors issuing from the tubes 9 will have become ignited and produce heat enough to continue the vaporizing and gasifying of the hydrocarbon. The helical spring 1; for holding the globe m in position is surrounded by the two sheaths 11 1 which glide one on the other. The lamp is also provided witha reflector Z for throwing the light onto the table or the like.

Having now particularly described my in vention, what I claim, and desire to secure bv Letters Patent, is-

1. In a lamp, the combination of a reservoir, a tube connectingsaid reservoir with a vaporizing-chamber, an adjustable orifice opening from said vaporizing-chamber to a gasifying-chamber, a series of annularly-arranged burner-tubes leading downward from said gasifying-chamber, and a folded mantle of thin sheet metal outside of and around the same, communicating with the outer air, so that the air entering said folded mantle from the outside shall deflect the flame at the mouth of said burner-tubes and cause said flame to turn inward and upward, substantially as described.

2. In a lamp, the combination of gasifying and vaporizing retorts which are heated by means of the products of combustion passing off, a folded mantle j, consisting of outer and inner folds, surrounded by an asbestus mantle m, the'products of combustion being led upward through the inner folds of the mantle j to the head 70 at the same time that the air from the outside is being drawn downward through the outer folds thereof, by which means the said outer air is heated by its contact with the inner folds of the mantle, said outer air afterward flowing through the perforations t' of the ring h to be fed to the flames formed at the ends of the tubes g, the head 70 carrying the chimney c, said head 70 being connected by a pronged ring Z to the folded mantle j, substantially as described.

3. In a pendent lamp, the combination of a reservoir, a tube connecting said reservoir with a vaporizing-chamber, said tubehaving located within the same a valve A, an adj ustable orifice opening from said vaporizingchamber to a gasifying-chamber, a series of annularly arranged burner tubes leading downward from said gasifying-chambe13 a folded mantle of thin sheet metal outside of cating with a small cup-shaped receptaclet and tubes to through borings 3, said tubes and receptacle being filled with some non-combustible material possessing capillary power and being filled with hydrocarbon through their communication with the pipe 0, substantially as described.

4. The device for regularly feeding the hydrocarbon or the like from the reservoir a to the retort 6, consisting of the needle-valve A inthe connecting-tube, the valve-rod G being connected to a two-armed lever F, having a limited stroke,and-being provided with chains G J, the needle-valve being securely closed by a spring 1-1 when the ring I is attached to the arm L, Fig. 1, substantiallyas described.

' 5. The combination of the spring 1) for pressing the glass globe w onto the asbestus ring m with the movable pawl w and the chain ,2, sothat the globe at and spring '0 are retained in position by the pawl w, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JULIUS SCHULKE Witnesses: EDWIN A. ,BRYDGES,

EUSTACE W. HOPKINS. 

